How are the changing roles and relationships between reformist movements, philanthropic organisations, and the state in planning up to 1940 relevant to the present day?
The extraordinary growth of the cities through 19th century in all England and Europe led to an unprecedented situation of overcrowded city with ever more degenerating areas of what came to be called as slums.
It was brought to the attention of the world by newspaper seeking human interest stories and literature seeking fresh themes of life. Social science and survey was invented and a modern social legislation followed. Poor were to be protected, their living conditions improved. Mechanisms of philanthropic help and organizations back in the 1900s emerged followed by humanitarian approach of the 20th century. And it all led to the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights . Its Article 25 that says that “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood beyond his control."
These agreements and laws now feed back to policies of all countries including The Third World countries.
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